Learning Outcome 1

Data, information and information management system

In first session of my learning, i learned about difference data and information. And the information management system in  organization. I would like to share all of my experience and knowledge from my lecture. Firstly, I would like share about computers.

What is the computer?

Computer is a programmable machine that carries out what it has been instructed to do.

It have five basic operation that perform a computer such as input, output, processing, storage and communication. These five activities are performed the Information Processing Cycle.

The Generation of Computer
First Generation of Computer
First generation of computer is Vacuum Tube. I started using on 1940 until 1950.The first electronic computer is ENIAC and 18000 vacuum tubes were used to build it. The first commercial computer is called UNIVAC.

Second Generation of computer
The second generation of computer is Transistor. It was started on 1950 until 1964. Vacuum tubes have been replaced by transistor. High Level Languages (COBOL and FORTRAN) is used in second generation.

The Third Generation of computer 
The third generation of computer is Integrated circuit (IC). I was started using on 1964 until 1974. Microchip combines thousands of transistors, entire circuit on one computer chip.

Fourth Generation of  Computer
The fourth generation is modern computer. It also called VLSI ( very large Scale Integration) and ULSI ( ultra large scale integration). It was invented in 1974. Now we are using the fourth generation computer.

Fifth Generation of computer
Fifth generation is artificial intelligence. It is the now and future used of computer. This artificial intelligence can think, learn and reason.

Categories of computer
There are six categories of computer. They are
Embedded computer
It is a mini computer embedded into a specific product for a specific function.

Mobile Computer
Small computer that fits on our hand, contain build in computing or internet capabilities.

 

Personal Computer

Fully functioning portable or desktop computers, designed for a single user at a time.

 

Mid-range

It is physically likes small cabinet, hosting a data and program available to a small group of users. 

 

Mainframes

It is a large, expensive and very powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.

Super computer 

It is the most powerful, fastest and more expensive computer. It is extremely powerful for complex computation and processing.

What is data?

Data is unorganized or raw facts. It can be formed of numbers, characters, symbols, picture or even in the sound. It has no significance when it exists in that form.

 

What is information?

Information is the summarization of data that is organized and meaningful. It is used for making decisions. The data is used as input for processing and information is output of this processing.

Roles of information

     1. Information is used to influence and persuade. It can be a capital resource, especially for companies that produce information-based products and services.

     2. Information is used for making decision.

Two Basic Element of Information

     1. Reach means the number of people who participate in sharing information.

     2. Richness means amount of quality information shared in transaction. There have three components of richness such as bandwidth, customization and interactivity.

Computer system: Data & Information

A computer converts data to become information by information processing system. Information processing is followed by I-P-O method to process data.

I-P-O includes:

• Input ( It is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instruction into a computer.)
• Processing ( It exist in CPU; is the key component of digital computer system. It can perform interprets computer program instruction and process data. CPU consist of three basic parts such as Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit and Register.)
• Output ( It is data that has been processed into a useful form.)

Input devices

Output device

Processing device

Information Management

Information Management (IM) is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences.