Learning Outcome 3

The various types of information systems that are in use by various organization

What is information system?
A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination and decision-making in an organization.

Types of information system
1. Transaction processing system (TPS)
2. Management information system (MIS)
3. Decision support system (DSS)
4. Executive support system (ESS / EIS)
5. Expert system (ESS)

Transaction processing system (TPS)
An informational scheme for the collection, storage, retrieval and modification of transaction made by an organization.
Component of TPS
# People
# Hardware
# Software

Two types of transaction processing
(1) Online Transaction Processing ( A transaction which is processed immediately and the operator has access to on-line database i.e. withdrawal from a bank account, Library loans.)
(2) Batch Transaction Processing ( Information that is gathered and stored but not processed immediately i.e. the processing of an invoice or check in a banking system.)

 

Management information system

A management information system (MIS) provides information that organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. 

  

Features of MIS

(1) It is used by middle managerial levels.

(2) Use internal data stored in computer system

(3) Produce several kinds of reports with fixed and standard format.

 

Decision Support System (DSS)
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision making activities.

 

Types of decision

(1) Structured / semi-structured

     A repetitive and routine and they involve a definite producer to make decision.

(2) Unstructured

     A decision maker must provide judgment, evaluation to solve the problem.

Characteristic of DSS

1. Activity 

   Support structured and semi-structured decision.

2. Input

    Use internal and external information, use method or tool.

3. User

    It must be a tactical manager.

Executive support system (ESS / EIS)

An executive information system (EIS) is a type of management information system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision making needs.

 

Characteristic of EIS

1. It is a special type of MIS + DSS. 

2. Support info needs of executive. Use graphical interface.

3. Use internal and external data sources.

Expert Support System

An expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.

Executive support system

An executive information system (EIS) is a type of management information system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision making needs.

Management structure level and their information needs

Component of CBIS (Common based information system)

(1) Procedure

(2) Telecommunication

(3) Database

(4) Software

(5) Hardware

(6) People

Who are the user of CBIS ?

$ Business

$ Organization

$ People ( Worker, End User)

Information System Development

System development is the process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a new software application or program. 

Information System Development Methodologies

ISD methodologies is a collection of procedures, techniques, tools and documentation aids which will help the systems developers in their efforts to implement a new information system.

Why and when u initiate system development?

(1) Problem with existing system

(2) Desire to introduce system

Who are the participants in system development?

(1) Project manager

(2) Stakeholders

(3) Users

(4) Programmers

(5) System analyst

(6) Support personal

Steps in ISD planning

(1) Strategic plan (1st step)

(2) Develop Objectives (2nd step)

(3) Identify IS Project (3rd step)

(4) Analyze resource (4th step)

(5) Set schedule and deadlines (5th step)

(6) Develop IS (6th step)

The step of ISD methodology

(1) SDLC

(2) Prototyping

(3) Stradis

What is structured approach/ SDLC ?

The oldest and most known methodology used to coordinate the efforts of information systems development is known as SDLC.

SDLC stages

(1) System investigation

(2) System analysis

(3) System design 

(4) System Implementation

(5) System maintenance and review

Prototyping

Prototyping is a system development methodology that uses a trial and error approach for discovering how a system should operate.

Stages in STRADIS 

(1) Detail study

(2) Designing alternatives

(3) Physical design

(4) Implement system