Learning Outcome 6

Web Applications

Internet and Web
What is internet?
Internet is a global system interconnected networks that uses the standard internet protocol to serve billion of server.

What is Web?
Web is collection of electronic elements. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information.
*The web is not similar to internet.*

What is Web application?
A web application is an application that is accessed by users over a network such as the internet and intranet. It may display, create, and manage images, audio, videos, and data which can be stored and retrieved from the server.
e.g. Website, Facebook, Google documents, online calculators, calendars and etc..

Web application is commonly use a combination of
1. Script
2. Client and Server

What is Web Browser?
Web Browser are software applications that allow users to retrieve data and interact with content located on web pages within a website.
e.g. Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mozilla Firefox, safari, Opera

 







Types of Web
There are two types of web such as
(1) Static Web
(2) Dynamic Web

1. Static Web
    It is a read-only web. It allows people to search for information and read it.It can only really be updated by someone with a knowledge of website development.
e.g. educational website, company website

2. Dynamic Web
    Web interactions between people and software. It has ability for clients and users to upload documents and create content or add information to a site.
e.g. content management system, e-commerce system, discussion board, etc...

The generation of Web
1st generation (Web 1.0) 
Web 1.0 refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of Web pages connected by hyperlinks. Although the exact definition of Web 1.0 is a source of debate, it is generally refer to the Web when it was a set of static websites that were not yet providing interactive content. In Web 1.0, applications were also generally proprietary.

2nd generation (Web 2.0)
Web 2.0 describes web sites that use technology beyond the static pages of earlier web sites. The term was coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci and was popularized by Tim O'Reilly at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in late 2004. Although Web 2.0 suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative change in the way web pages are made and used.
A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to websites where people are limited to the passive viewing f content.
e.g. social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, web applications, and mashups.

3rd generation (Web 3.0)
It is about semantic web, personalization, intelligent search and behavioral advertising among other things.
If that sounds confusing, check out some of these excellent presentations that help you understand Web 3.0 in simple English. Each takes a different approach to explain Web 3.0 and the last presentation was an example of a "postage stamp" to explain the "semantic web".

Categories of Web 2.0
1. Online social networking
2. Mashups and Aggregators

Online Social Networking
It usually involved websites that are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like and online community of internet users.
Advantages:
-Online community members could share common interest in hobbies, religion, or politics.
- It can socialize with the members.
- It can make friends from all over the world and learn a thing or two about new cultures or new languages and learning is always a good thing.
e.g. MySpace, Twitter, Facebook, etc...

Mashup and Aggergrators
It collects things together. It is a web site that takes different content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content. Mix and match content form other parts of the web.
It includes:
- data aggregator
- video aggregator
- social network aggregator
- search aggregator
- news aggregator

Web 2.0 Information Technologies and Applications
There are seven categories. Two technologies and five applications such as
1. XML
2. AJAX
3. Tagging
4. Blogs
5. Wikis
6. Really Simple Syndication
7. Pod and Video-casting
The XML and AJAX are technologies. The others five are application of web 2.0.

XML and AJAX
XML and AJAX are examples of Programming Languages used in Web Application.

What is Programming language (PL)?
A set of words, abbreviations, and symbols that enables a programmer to communicate the instructions to a computer.

Types of PL
1. Low-Level Language
    It is a machine dependent language
    There are two generations of low-level language
    - Machine Language (1st generation PL)
    - Assembly Language (2nd generation PL)

2. High-Level Language
    It is a machine independent language. It more user-friendly.
    There are three generations of high-level language
    - 3rd generation PL
    - 4th generation PL
    - 5th generation PL

Machine Language (1st generation)
It uses a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) or a combination of numbers and letters that represent binary digits.

Assembly Language (2nd generation)
Program is written using symbolic instruction codes. It also uses symbolic memory addresses.

Third Generation Languages
Third generation languages (3GLs) are the first to use true English-like phrasing, making them easier to use than previous languages. It also known as Procedural Languages.
e.g. FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal

Fourth Generation Languages
Fourth generation language may use a text-based environment (like a 3GL) or may allow the programmer to work in a visual environment, using graphical tools. It also known as non-procedural languages.
e.g. Visual Basic (VB), Visual Age

Fifth Generation Languages
This is Object-oriented and Web development tools.
e.g. Prolog, AJAX, JAVA Script

XML ( web 2.0 technologies)
XML stand for Extensible Markup Language for web document (2.0). It contains structured information including words and pictures.
e.g. <chapter> Hardware
      <topic> Input Device

AJAX (web 2.0 technologies)
AJAX stand for Acronym referring to Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
JavaScript = - Script/ language
                  - Object Oriented Programming Language based on C++ programming language.
                 - It is used the client-side techniques to create web application.
e.g. Youtube, Gmail, Google Maps and most of web 2.0 website.

Tagging (web 2.0 applications)
It is about metadata. It is part of nature of Web 2.0. Keyword for a piece of information in Web.

Blogs (web 2.0 applications)
It is a short for weblog. It is informal website (articles, diary, journal, personal log, journal that posted on the web). It is a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies.

Wiki (web 2.0 applications)
It collaborative website that allows users to create, add, modify or delete website content via their web browser. Many wikis are opened to modification by public. A popular wiki are Wikipedia and Web encyclopedia.

RSS (web 2.0 applications)
It stand for Really Simple Syndication. It is a technology that is being used by millions of web users around the world to keep track of their favourite websites. It is a application of aggregators.
e.g. Google reader, Blog lines

Pod-casting and Video casting (web 2.0 applications)
It is a digital media consist of video, audio. This technology in web 2.0. It is used for downloading or uploading digital media.
e.g. iTunes free software to subscribe to a specific podcast.

What is Google apps?
It is series of application from Google. It is applications and Infrastructure.

Google Apps technology
$ Messaging
$ Calendaring
$ Documents
$ Video
$ Sites
$ Talk
$ Maps